Learning and Cognition Relationship between Learning and Cognition

Learning and Cognition Relationship between Learning and Cognition Learning starts from the very first days of a human life. People learn how to walk, how to perform complicated tasks and how to cooperate with other individuals. People have tried to understand what learning is throughout centuries. There are various approaches to this issue. However, all researchers agree that learning is closely connected to such concept as cognition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Cognition: Relationship between Learning and Cognition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though, there are researchers who challenge this assumption stating that there are cases when learning is possible without cognition. To understand the relationship between cognition and learning, it is important to take a closer look at the concept of learning. Firstly, it is necessary to provide a proper definition for the concept of learning. Some people see learning as â€Å"an outcome of the social experiences in a nd out of schools to which young people are exposed† (Yates McLeod, 2011, p. 230). However, it is clear that learning goes beyond classroom environment. People acquire knowledge and gain new skills in a variety of settings. Ellstrom (2011, p. 238) provides a more comprehensive definition of learning, â€Å"learning is a process of knowledge acquisition through experienced-based changes in cognition or action†. Therefore, learning happens in various settings, but it is associated with certain changes, i.e. acquisition of knowledge and skills which is, in its turn, connected with cognition. It is necessary to note that behavior plays an important role in learning. For instance, active people can be exposed to a great amount of information which can be learnt easily (Ellstrom, 2011). At the same time, some people find it rather difficult to concentrate as they are often distracted by numerous things. Lack of concentration can lead to difficulties while learning. Notably, those who are less active are not exposed to new information as they tend to be in settings they know perfectly well, i.e. they remain on the safe side. Interestingly, behavior and learning are regarded in terms of the evolutionary approach (Ellstrom, 2011). Ability to acquire knowledge and actively use it is associated with ability to survive in the animal world. This can also be applied to the contemporary world as people who acquire more knowledge have lots of opportunities, e.g. they get better jobs and get more resources, etc.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from different types of behavior, there are two types of learning. Thus, learning can be explicit and implicit (Yates McLeod, 2011). Explicit learning is often associated with education. People are explicitly exposed to certain information. They try to use a variety of strategies to facilitate learning. For instance, students try to memorize data and they train the skills they have acquired. Adult people also have to learn new skills, e.g. professional, communicative, leadership skills, etc. As far as implicit learning is concerned, it happens without training or extra effort. As has been mentioned above, people are often exposed to a lot of information. They memorize facts, faces, places without extra effort. This is a characteristic feature of human cognitive ability to perceive and process information (Shanks, 2010). Therefore, the two types of learning help people gain knowledge and develop cognitive abilities. Clearly, learning and cognition are interrelated. Researchers claim that there can be no learning without cognition (Shanks, 2010). Admittedly, people learn things after they have processed information cognitively. It is easy to provide an example to this concept. A 5-year-old child can be given a task to build a toy house. The child will be given major parts of the house, i .e. 4 walls and the roof. There will be no difficulties and the child will be able to build the toy house as he has the necessary experience, i.e. he/she has seen lots of houses. However, if the child will be shown (and given instructions on) how to build the toy house quickly, he/she will spend less time building the house as the child has seen how to do it, i.e. have acquired experience. Thus, the child looks at and touches the parts of the house and gets information about the material and shape. The child pictures houses he/she has seen in his/her life. This enables the child to put the parts of the house together. Next time, the child will be able to complete the same task much faster. Admittedly, if the child had not had the instructions and certain experience, he/she would not be able to perform the task. Nonetheless, some researchers claim that cognition is not an indispensible part of learning as learning without cognition is also possible (Shanks, 2010). However, these theo ries are yet to be researched and grounded. To sum up, it is possible to note that learning and cognition are interrelated. People get the vast majority of knowledge due to their cognitive abilities. People perceive objects and gain experience through learning, implicit or explicit. It is also important to add that behavior plays an important role in learning, especially when it comes to implicit learning. However, further research is required as there are lots of learning mechanisms which are unclear. It is also necessary to take a closer look at the correlation between learning and cognition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Cognition: Relationship between Learning and Cognition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Ellstrom, P.E. (2011). Organizational learning. In V.G. Aukrust (Ed.), Learning and cognition in education (pp. 229-235). San Diego, CA: Elsevier. Shanks, D.R. (2010). Learning: F rom Association to cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 61(1), 273-301. Yates, L., McLeod, J. (2011). Gender and schooling. In V.G. Aukrust (Ed.), Learning and cognition in education (pp. 229-235). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.

Of Gifts and Goodbyes Essays

Of Gifts and Goodbyes Essays Of Gifts and Goodbyes Essay Of Gifts and Goodbyes Essay Alicia J Mrs. Miller English 2, 4th Period 7 November 2013 Of Gifts and Goodbyes Phew. Panting, I hoisted my bright orange luggage bag out of the trunk of my grandmas car and lug it across the airports marble floor. It seemed heavier than I remember. And to think that I had to take some stuff out last night because Dad said I put too much stuff in it and there is a possibility of my bag bursting somewhere along the trip. The wheels squealed under the weight in carried and I winced. Shh! The airport buzzed with activity. People scurried about like mice, a middle aged oman consoled her crying baby, a tall man in a business suit yakked into his cell phone. I narrowed my eyes and squinted slightly, scanning the crowds for familiar faces. My shoulders slumped a little. None. Subconsciously, my hand reached up to tug on the black beanie I put on to hide my messy hair. My phone vibrated, I froze and, my hand hung in mid air. Once. Twice. Buzz buzz buzz. Walking to the nearest vacant bench, I sat down to reply to the text messages I received. All of them bore the same question, Hey, where are you? I chuckled to myself. In a matter of seconds, I tapped out my reply and got up after pressing send, casually strolling to Starbucks when I really wanted to sprint over. Effortlessly, I maneuvered through the sea of people and sat down at an empty table, located at the far end. Since it was still early and to avoid appearing awkward, I scrolled down my phone mindlessly while waiting. The enticing aroma of brewing coffee and roasted coffee beans filled my senses and I smiled to myself. I thought of getting up and ordering a cup of semi-sweet, warm, mouth watering goodness and a croissant to go with it but shrugged it off. My friends arrived one by one and I greeted them all with a smile. Oh, dont mention it, they replied with a grin when I thanked them profusely for setting aside some time to come see me before I boarded my plane. Candy, flowers, cards and various trinkets were held out in my direction and I smiled. A stack of letters made me squeal in delight. I arranged them neatly in my backpack and tucked the letters in a compartment that wont wrinkle or crush them. We sat down and snared a tew laughs. Looking back, the stupid things we did, taught s a lesson or two and none of us seemed to regret it. My cousin bought me ice cream. Dont worry about it, kiddo. Its my turn to buy you something this time, he chuckled and ruffed my hair though he knew that I hated it whenever he did that. We made something for you, Aaron, my brother-from-another-mother declared. He held up a long black roll. His face was solemn, I couldnt help but giggle. The black roll turned out to be a large black card and I fell quiet. The word Memories was written at the top. I was at a loss for words. The card was decorated with various roup photos, old movie stubs and a portrait of me, drawn from a photo of me taken a week ago. I remembered it as if it was yesterday. Everyone had the time of their life, laughing and dancing- hula dancing to be exact, under the stars. Aaron played the ukulele onstage and sang his rendition of Jason Mraz Im Yours. The waves seemed to catch the beat and crashed against the rocks, accentuating the performance. Sand got into our flip flops but no one seemed to care. Someone pulled me aside. Hey A1! Look at you, with those flowers on your head. You look great! I looked at the neon pink tank top I paired with a pastel green wraparound. Take a picture, itll last longer, I replied playfully while adjusting the flower crown that sat on top of my head. He whipped his phone out and his finger hovered over a button. Say Hawaii! We took a number of photos together and my cheeks literally hurt from all the smiling. Never smiling. Again! I exclaimed, rubbing my aching cheeks a few times for emphasis. The time passed quicker than I thought it would and it was actually time for me to go. I hugged and was hugged- tightly. I felt my eyes getting wet but I blinked them back. No one else was crying. Dont you be the only one crying. I hugged my grandma the last and I saw that her eyes were red. Tears sprang into my eyes again and my voice broke when I told her that I would be back soon, and that she had to take care of herself well. Well miss you! everyone called out before I disappeared into the domestic gate. I waved at them until they were out of sight. My heart soared. My head spun. Im leaving today! Throughout the year, daydreams werent unusual for me. I have been dreaming of eaches, tanned skin and a fabulous life ever since I found out that I would be flying to the United States to continue my studies. Just the thought of it made me giddy with excitement. It felt Just like it was yesterday that I was dragging my feet, knowing that the day I would be leaving seemed like a few light years away. Now it seemed as if I couldnt take big enough strides. I Just couldnt wait. I buckled my seatbelt before the safety announcements came on and sat back. It wasnt a full flight so I had all three seats to myself. I sat near the window and put my ag on the seat next to me. My fingers tugged at the zipper on my bag and I dug inside for the stack of letters. The pilot started talking and went through a few announcements but my mind was back home. Tears burned the back of my eyes, my throat swelled and it hurt to swallow. My vision blurred and a tear ran down my cheek. It quivered for a moment on the tip of my nose, then splashed onto my light colored sweater, leaving a small, dark circle. More tears followed as I let it all out. My shoulders quaked and I tried to keep silent and pretended to be fascinated by the view out the window. IVe been here all my life, I realized. IVe met all kinds people, blessings and curses. These people have helped mold the person I am today. I also realized that I might not see these people ever again. A part of me is relieved because IVe been scarred by many, like everyone else. But I do believe that people step in and out of ones life for a reason. Be it a blessing or a curse, I hope I become a blessing for many. I closed my eyes and leaned back, the letters strewn on my lap. A small smile tugged on the corner of my lips. This is a new beginning.

Google Map Java Script ( produce a program code) Assignment

Google Map Java Script ( produce a program code) - Assignment Example ce for such data is Government of India’s census data available at census.gov.in .The last census being only completed recently it suits my application very well .The only preprocessing I had to do was obtaining the data for select cities and rank them according to population.There can be no other dataset better than this The architecture used was the simplest ,as I mapped only the population. It required only a web map with the locations marked and infowindows showing the population and rank. Next time I would like to put economic data ,religion data ,literacy and education data also .These data will be placed on different maps which can be selected from links in The toughest job was finding a java script with Google map API. A map has to be created , markers has to be generated for each location and info windows had to be filled with the data. I found Google map API V2 better suited for the purpose than the V3 as it offered a lot of flexibility with info windows. I obtained a suitable script at Mikes web pages(Mike Williams 2009) and modified it If I had more time I would have incorporated more cities and urban agglomerates and for each city other than population, religion, education and economic data would be included. If possible I would have given provision for searching the map for each kind of

Society gender differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Society gender differences - Essay Example The present research paper concentrates on the works of Richard Rodriguez and Malcolm X in a comparative way in order to find out similarities and dissimilarities they present in their valuable writings. The works reveal the very fact that both the writers have depicted their views on the significance of education and learning in the life of individuals. Both the authors belong to divergent racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds with absolutely different parentage and socioeconomic status. In addition, both the writers, under study, had experienced quite different socialization process, atmosphere and environment during their learning process. Even then, the most dominant of the similarities between the two include their passion and eagerness regarding quench their thirst for knowledge and wisdom by studying more and more and seeking new dimensions of awareness, vigilance and insight from the books offering depth of knowledge and wisdom to them. Both Rodriguez and Malcolm X have identified the existence of racial discrimination in their society, where the population as well as ethnic group, other than the White Anglo Saxon Population (WASP), is looked down upon by the overwhelming white US majority. Richard Rodriguez, in his essay the Achievement of Desire exclaims how his Spanish background had become a grave hurdle on his way to learning and seeking knowledge offered at American schools in English language. Similarly, Malcolm X also views education as the way of broadening one's views and eliminating racial prejudice and biased attitude towards other groups and communities of societies, though he also looks annoyed and irritated because of the hatred of the white people towards the minority races, particularly towards the blacks.Human societies, in all parts of the globe, have been divergent since ever; this diversification is on the foundation of caste, class, clan, community, region, religion, race, gender and socioecon omic status. Though all the above-given bases of differentiation polarize the societies into different groups, yet racial background and socioeconomic status play the most influential role in unraveling the individuals from one another. Hence, all man's belongings, schooling, education, financial activities and life-style determines to which class he has come from. An individual can facilitate himself and his family on the foundation of his resources. If he is well-to-do and earns money in plenty, he can offer his family a comfortable and luxurious life. On the other hand, if he has to work hard to make both ends meet, his family will also sure to suffer and is forced to lead a miserable and sorrowful life. Both Rodriguez and Malcolm X discuss the problem of social discrimination in their works; Jonathan Kozol's "Savage Inequalities" also portrays the same while keeping special attention towards school children belonging to different socioeconomic status.Jonathan Kozol is a renowned American writer, researcher, educationalist and reformer. In his award-winner book "Savage Inequalities", he has described the pathetic condition of innocent school children at the school

Stories about miracles Essay Example for Free

Stories about miracles Essay Stories about miracles are an obstacle to faith for modern people. Discuss. The whole concept of miracles is rooted in the fantastical, improbable and downright outrageous. So its not particularly hard to see why modern, enlightened people might consider them an obstacle to faith. However, stories about miracles are part of religious lore; so if they are an obstacle, theyre certainly not insurmountable. Indeed, for some they can be said to enhance the idea of a loving, divine God. But exactly how loving can a God that is so indifferent to the suffering of those he doesnt deem worthy of his miracles be? A willingness to believe in Gods benevolence must be present in order to ignore the unfair nature of miracles, and in these literate, informed times, it proves incredibly difficult to have such faith. An important religious perspective on miracles is that of St Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas believed that God can manipulate creation in any way he/she desires. His definition of miracles is those things done by divine power apart from the order usually followed in things. This idea is useful for those inclined towards faith because it encompasses a vast spectrum of events, ranging from a spontaneous apparition of someone dead to an unlikely, but possible occurrence such as a fast recovery from a curable ailment. But this definition of miracles presents some problems. For example, John Macquarie argues that because interpretation of supposedly miraculous events varies, it is nonsensical to ascribe religious meaning to acts that are quite possibly random and lucky. How are we to distinguish between coincidence and an act of God? Surely God cant be responsible for every last one of the unlikely fortuitous events that happen in the world? The Bible appears to fail to provide any answers- it si mply asserts that God exists and his miracles occurred, evidence be damned. In spite of this, the miracles in the Bible can be said to support faith for modern people, as they demonstrate the power and benevolence of God. A prominent example would be Isaiah 38:8, when God stops the Sun for King Hezekiahs benefit. Another would be when Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead. Miracles such as these can evoke powerful religious feeling. The implausible nature of these acts, however, makes them a very real roadblock on the path to faith for many discerning, intelligent people. Rudolf Bultmann addressed this by attempting to demythologise Christ. By doing this, he thought he could both enable faith for modern people while allowing them to maintain their suspension of disbelief. He offered rational explanations for the miracles of Christ; for example, when Jesus fed the 5000, there may have been a concealed cave behind him, or he may have simply inspired the others around him to share. This approach is better than the literal interpretation of Biblical miracles because it offers a logical, contemporary solution for Jesus supposedly divine acts whilst maintaining their essential goodness. But it can also be said that by demythologising Christ you take away the power of his sacrifice- his divinity is integral to Christianity. David Hume provides a less liberal definition of the miraculous. He limits miracles to a transgression of a law of natureby a particular volition of the deity. This essentially means that nothing that happens within nature should be labelled miraculous. Hume does not outright reject miracles, but he instead uses the fact that they are impossible to prove to support his criticism. If we are to adhere to Humes staunchly rationalistic stance, concluding that miracles are an obstacle to faith would be inevitable, as there is no evidence for them. However, Humes argument is not entirely without its detractors. For example, his parameters can be described as too restrictive. He arrogantly claims that the only credible witness to a miracle is a well-educated, reputable person. But if a miracle genuinely occurs, why are the eyes of an academic more reliable than those of a farmer? John Hick also points out that Hume is assuming that we are privy to all the laws of nature. They certainly appear to have been broken before, only for it to be found that certain things thought imp. Hicks conclusion is that observing things we do not understand does not constitute breaking natures laws; we simply need to broaden our understanding of nature. Arguably the most compelling argument against miracles was devised by Maurice Wiles. Wiles premise is that a God willing to perform arbitrary miraculous acts is unworthy of worship, because he/she seems indifferent to the suffering of others. Why does God heal some people, but let others suffer unbearable agonies? The intervening God of Christianity turned water into wine, but remained indifferent to the suffering of six million Jews. Of course, one could argue that greater, celestial rewards await the dead for their pains, but it is my belief that no reward can justify such torture. For some, the concept of a miraculous God allows for a small degree of security and comfort in the knowledge that, despite the dangers of this harsh, brutal world, someone is taking care of you. It would, for them, seem quite cynical to say that miracles are an obstacle to faith. Despite this, I cannot fathom the idea of an arbitrary, indifferent God, saving people based on whimsy. Faith is obviously a very personal thing, but in these enlightened, intelligent times I am forced to conclude that an intervening deity is both illogical and outdated.

Money - I Want It :: Free Essay Writer

Money - I Want It I cannot wait to finish college and begin baking my economic cake. Everyday you here about someone making it big in the stock market, some one winning the lotto jackpot or some idiot cleaning out some other idiot in court. There is only one thing that those people have that I want, and it’s money. I’ve learned at a very early age the value of the â€Å"all mighty buck†. I grew up in a poor single mother home, and when I saw all the kids with cool toys, and I had squat, I realized that if I want something I have to get it for myself. I had my first job at age five, but I also had the toys I wanted too. The world revolves around money, just a pure and simple fact. There is plenty of money out there and I want more than my share of it. If money was a drug then call me a junky, I’m addicted to money like a welfare cheat is addicted to crack. I’ve also learned at an early age that you’re not going to make any money with out a college education. In high school I never planned on going to college because my parents didn’t have money, and after high school I had to fend for myself. I bounced around from low paying job to low paying job. At age 19 I got a dishwashing job at this figure skating camp that was owned by the same people who owned the hockey rink where I played at for the last 9 years. The only reason I got the job was because the staff knew me from the other rink and had basically watched me grow up, I was there so often. It was a seasonal job just for the summer. In that summer I learned about hard work and what kind of stuff it takes to be a hard worker. I worked so hard there, the boss gave me more and more hours until I was full time. By the end of that summer I was considered one of the hardest workers there. Well out of everyone in the kitchen staff, I was the only one offered another job at ice rink. Sure it was only for a snack bar attendant, but at least it was a little more money and responsibility .

Exceptionalism: Native Americans in the United States and Pew Research Center Essay

The idea of American exceptionalism is not a new one. Thomas Jefferson spoke of civilizing the Indians many believed they were savages. Surely the Native Americans thought the white newcomers were the savages. The white men forced the Natives off of the â€Å"new† land and proceeded to murder them. The United States continues this tradition today, going into countries where we are not welcome, and trying to change them, make them more like us. What I can gather from reading Wilfred McClay’s, The Founding Fathers, is that he believes America is what is because of our past. From the time the Europeans came to America to settle, we have believed we are superior. Mr. McClay states that we need to stay connected to past and learn from those who discovered our great Nation (McClay 2006). Following his writing was not easy, it did not seem quite clear. It seems as though he feels Americans place themselves on a pedestal, but that is why our country is so great. Americans justify their actions by making our own stories; we teach people what we want them to know, not what truly happened. Howard Zinn does not feel Americans should insist on exceptionalism (Zinn 2005). The United States does not have the right to push its beliefs on the other nations of the world. He discusses the issues of American Superiority in his article, The Power and Glory. According to Mr. Zinn, there is a growing trend among Americans who refuse to accept that we are a superior people. A 2011 Gallup Poll confirms this statement. In 2002 approximately 60% of Americans believed our culture was superior to others (Pew Research Center 2011). In 2011 number dropped to 49% (Pew Research Center). I agree with Howard Zinn in that Americans are not exceptional, we are from other people, just as each individual is different. Although many believe we are better because we have so much freedom, and we are the land of opportunity, we are not. We have homeless people, our politicians are corrupt, and children go to bed hungry. The United States bully’s other countries for our own self-interest. Decisions are made to take control of other countries. What other military has bases all over the planet? The United States needs to take care of its own people, and then it will be exceptional. I have been to other countries, and in my eyes, they seem to be doing it right, but I am sure they have their own issues as well. Bibliography McClay, Wilfred M. 2006. The Founding Nations. First Things. March 2006. Accessed January 24, 2015. http://www. firstthings. com/article/2006/03/the-founding-of- nations Pew Research Center. 2011. The American-Western European Gap. Pew Research Center. November 17, 2011. Accessed January 29, 2015. www. pewglobal .org/2011/11/17/the-american-western-european-values-gap/ Zinn, Howard. 2005. The Power and the Glory. Boston Review. June 1,2005. Accessed January 25, 2015. http://bostonreview. net/zinn-power-glory.

Divorced Parents Essay

My parents are divorced and have been since I was very young. My mother was initially granted custody, but I was placed in a foster home when she became disabled and could no longer support us. My father was then granted custody, and I went to live with him, his wife, and her kids. My stepmother hates me, heaps abuse on me, and wants my father to get rid of me. Starting in my junior year of high school, my father told me that he would no longer support me, and that I was going to have to pay rent if I wanted to continue to live with him. So I started working forty hours a week while I was attending high school to pay for my food, rent, and clothing. When I graduated from high school my father and his wife kicked me out of the house. My friend’s parents took me in and provided me with shelter. When it came time to apply for college, my father initially agreed to help me pay for school. When the Student Aid Report came back, however, he tore it up and refused to help. I was able to go to a local community college with my savings from work, but now he’s refusing to fill out the FAFSA. I am doing everything I can to pay for school, but I’ve exhausted my savings, and without any financial aid I’m going to have to drop out. Is there anything I can do to get myself declared independent? I’m self-supporting and haven’t lived with my parents for three years, but I don’t satisfy the federal definition. Please help!

The Federal Government in the United States

The Federal Government in the United States Federalism and policy development The federal government has some powers over the States in the United States (Dye, 2010). In this regard, it makes choices on a range of aspects.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Federal Government in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The idea that the federal government has far-reaching powers over a number of issues raises questions regarding the extent to which the government should interfere with some aspects. Once the federal government decides on issues, in a way, it influences the behavior or the rights of individual citizens. Based on this, it is noticeable that federalism heavily influences policy making in the United States. Using the same line of thinking, the federal government sets the underlying regulations regarding public policy making. It is evident that the federal government decides the procedures or the rules that State governments have to observe regarding some activities. As an illustration, the federal government sets the percentage of revenue that the State governments retain as well as that that they remit. It is clear that the amount of revenue that States collect influence the level of development that States are able to carry out. As such, when the federal government policy puts demands that certain percentages be remitted to the national budget, it influences the developmental agenda of the States. If this holds, then it should also be noted that the State governments are in charge of certain functions at State level. These developmental activities affect the lives of the citizens at the State level. Since the federal government influences the activities, the States engage in, it also affects the lives of citizens. It is thus reasonable to conclude that federal policy activities affect the rights of citizens. Public Policy and Opinion Polls Political processes influence public policy in different ways (Dy e, 2010). Political processes may include elections, campaigns for elections, opinion polls, constitution making, etc. These political processes have varied effects on the policy making process although in unexpected ways (Gray, 2004). Regarding elections, it is noticeable that political parties give clearance to individuals who seek political office (Brown, 2009). As a rule, each political party has its policy agenda.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By way of illustration, the conservative party leans towards American conservatism as reflected by its pragmatic approach to several issues. Concisely, each party has a policy line it seeks to implement upon assuming office. Additionally, upon winning elections, political parties appoint senior office holders in the country. Although, the leaders or office bearers run offices using set procedures, political affiliation may influence the decisions they make. Based on this illustration, it is discernable that the election process may influence policymaking. As presented in the case regarding political processes, public opinion is unstable. Public opinion changes within short spells and may have various degrees of influence on policymaking. As an illustration, it is established from the above point that public policy is a function of elections and the election process. It is noticeable that public opinion heavily influences elections. As an example, when the United States is at war, the public may hold a certain perception regarding the government. Such wars as the one against Vietnam led the public into holding divided views on the role of the government. If the public holds the view that the government is unjustified in engaging in a war, it is likely that the government would be voted out in the subsequent elections. Concisely, it is noticeable that public opinion affects the election process. In turn, election outcomes influence policy making as illustrated above. Reference List Brown, E. (2009). Public opinion and penal policymaking: An examination of  constructions, assessments, and uses of public opinion by political actors in New York State. State University of New York at Albany: ProQuest. Dye, T.R. (2010). Understanding public policy (13th ed.). Longman: Pearson Prentice Hall.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Federal Government in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gray, J. (2004). Public Opinion and Polling Around the World: A Historical  Encyclopedia. New York: ABC-CLIO.

How to Create the Perfect Administrative Assistant Resume

How to Create the Perfect Administrative Assistant Resume If you’re already an administrative assistant (or you know much about the field), you know that the admin is often the person who keeps the trains running in a busy office. You’re the keeper of schedules and files, as well as providing support in any number of administrative duties. Administrative assistants have a very special career path in that they’re found in just about every industry. Skills you learn as an assistant in one industry can carry you through to another field altogether, which means you have tons of career flexibility. And you’re in good company: in 2014, there were nearly four million administrative assistant jobs in the country, per the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. But how do you break into this field- or if you’re already in it, how do you start moving up to your advantage?As with most career advancement questions, the answer lies in a document we all know and love: the resume. Your resume is your foot in the door, so you need to make sure it accomplishes three things:It should represent the best of who you are, career-wise.It should show how qualified you are for the specific job opening at hand.It should be formatted in a way that’s clear and easy to read.For more on the overall job search for administrative assistants (current or future), TheJobNetwork has tons of great resources on the hunt and the career path. For now, let’s  focus specifically on the resume.1.  What type of resume should you use?2.  How to format the resume3.  Combination resume4.  How to wrap up the resumeWhat type of resume should you use?The reverse-chronological resume (the kind where you start with your basic information like contact information, objective, and education, then work backwards through your job history and related skills) has been the gold standard for a long time. Now, however, with recruiters and hiring managers getting resumes in all sorts of formats, your options have gotten a little more diverse. That means you can pick a format that works best for your career and your status as a job applicant.Entry-level applicantsIf you’re just getting started (after graduating or starting over as a career change), you might want to consider a skills-based resume. This means that instead of launching into your work history, you have a bulleted list of professional skills. This kind of resume takes the spotlight off of your experience (which you might not have tons of yet) and puts it on the skills you bring to the new job. A skills-based resume might be the best option for you if you have any of these going for you:You have very few relevant jobs (and don’t want to list that table-waiting gig that got you through summers, or the internship that ended up having nothing to do with your eventual goals).Your previous jobs are so similar that the detailed bullets about each job would be virtually the same.The Muse has more on the skills-based resume format , if you’re still on the fence about whether this is the right format for you.If you go with the skills-based resume, it’s extra important to customize your resume for each job application. before applying, do your research:Which tasks/skills are specifically outlined in the job description?What background information can you find about the company’s values? (company websites often have mission statements, or brief summaries of the company’s values and goals.)Does anyone in your network work at this company? If so, the benefits are twofold: this person could help get your resume in the right inbox, but he or she could also give you some insight into what the company’s culture is like, and what qualities would be most welcomed.Once you have as much info as you can find, create your â€Å"skills† showcase to reflect what the company is seeking for this particular position. For the work history that follows, you can keep the individual job hist ory bullets very basic (company name, job title, dates).Mid-career or job change applicantsEven if you’ve had administrative assistant job(s) before, it’s still a good idea to rebuild your resume from scratch for new opportunities. You want it to be the snapshot of your career at this moment, not some cut-and-paste throwback to one or two jobs ago.If you have great experience, then the traditional reverse-chronological format is totally fine. But you might also want to consider a hybrid of the two, a combination resume. In this kind of format, you lead with an overview of your most relevant skills, followed by detailed bullets walking back through your work history.How to format the resumeIf you want to use an existing template, there are lots of good sites that do the heavy lifting for you- all you need to do is cut and paste your info into the template. Some great resources for resume templates include myPerfectresume and Best-Job-Interview.If you’re more into DIY, and want more control over how the information is presented, you can also use these guidelines to help you build your best administrative assistant resume.For a traditional reverse-chronological resume, we’ve got your back. ResumeGenius also has some straightforward examples of how to format the standard resume. If you’d like to branch out from that established format, let’s look at the skills-based resume and the combination resume for someone applying for an administrative position.  Skills-based resumeLet’s say this candidate has only been out of college for about a year, but wants to emphasize the skills s/he’s amassed through work, internship, and volunteer experiences. The skills-based resume would be the way to go. Here’s an example of how that would look:Terry Robinson14 West Street, Apt. 2bHartfordrd, CT, 45454  · (000) 999-9999 trobinson@emailclient.com  · LinkedIn: www.linked.in.com/trobinsonObjectiveAdministrative pro fessional seeking to leverage skills and experience into a senior office manager position.Skills summaryOffice management skills:Scheduling and coordinating meetings for senior managersMaking travel arrangements for team membersManaging travel and expense reports for team membersWorking independently with minimal trainingProject management skills:Spearheading the transition from a paper filing system to digitalManaging intern training programsCommunication skills:Managing correspondence for executives and senior managersCreating and distributing a company-wide newsletter to generate awareness of team accomplishmentsLiaising with a variety of clients, in-house teams, and vendorsMultilingual: english, french, spanishSocial program planningComputer skills:Expert in the microsoft office suiteCertified in quickbooksProficient in social media and corporate communicationsExperience Administrative Assistant, The Forrest Group (Hartford, CT) – May 2015 – PresentIntern, Ogilve Groves (New Haven, CT) – June 2014 – August 2014After School Program Coordinator, Gene Autry Elementary School (West Hartford, CT) – April 2012 – Present (volunteer basis)Education University of New Haven, New Haven, CT – Bachelor’s Degree in Education, 2015. 3.7 GPA.Combination resumeNow let’s say, a few years later,  this  candidate  is further along in his or her career as an administrative professional. S/he still wants to emphasize skills, because the job description for which he’s applying at educorp calls for someone with strong office management and communication skills.Terry Robinson14 West Street, Apt. 2b, Hartford, CT, 45454  · (000) 999-9999 trobinson@emailclient.com  · Linkedin: www.linked.in.com/trobinsonProfessional experience The Forrest Group, Hartford, CT – Administrative Assistant,   February 2011 – PresentServed as primary administrative assistant and office manager for the sales gr oup, including direct secretarial support for the executive vice president.Ogilve Groves, New Haven, CT – Receptionist, May 2006 – January 2011As the front-office representative for a top advertising firm, handled correspondence and incoming phone calls, filing, training interns and junior staff, and coordinating schedules with clients and vendors.Skills summaryOffice management skills:Scheduling and coordinating meetings for senior managersMaking travel arrangements for team membersManaging travel and expense reports for team membersWorking independently with minimal trainingProject management skills:Spearheading the transition from a paper filing system to digitalManaging intern training programsCommunication skills:Managing correspondence for executives and senior managersCreating and distributing a company-wide newsletter to generate awareness of team accomplishmentsLiaising with a variety of clients, in-house teams, and vendorsMultilingual: English, French, Spani shComputer skills:Expert in the Microsoft office suiteCertified in QuickBooksProficient in social media and corporate communicationsEducation University of New Haven, New Haven, CT – Associate’s degree in business, 2006Both formats are similar, but allow the applicant to use more discretion in what he or she presents. You may have been taught that resumes should have a rigid format, but it’s not true- your experience isn’t one-size-fits-all, so why should your resume be?How to wrap up the resumeRegardless of what format you choose, there are important elements to make sure you’ve hit in your resume:Contact informationObjective (optional)Skills/certificationsWork historyEducationHow you structure those is largely up to you- you want your strongest points to show clearly and concisely, so that the reader can identify those qualities up front. If you wait until the interview to show off your skills, for example, you might never get to that stage. The best way to figure out what’s best for you is to look at lots of examples, to see what feels right for your level of experience.It’s important to find a balance between showing a stable work history (or volunteer, internship, or educational history) and emphasizing the skills you’ve learned along the way that will make you a great candidate for this job.And as always, proofread the heck out of your resume. Have someone else read it after you’ve come up with a draft, so that their fresh eyes might pick up on a typo or weak point that you didn’t see because you’re so familiar with the material.Go forth and revise, and good luck, current and aspiring administrative assistants!Interested?   apply here

Personal understanding of crime commission Essay

Personal understanding of crime commission - Essay Example Mr. X is an experienced marketing executive in a midsize inventory-distribution firm. He is well admired by the management for his outstanding performance in marketing and customer retention. He has played a pivotal role in enhancing company’s turnover by expanding the business area and by providing excellent customer service. As far as his social life is concerned, the person is well recognized for his commitments in social, political, and religious institutions. As the situation is too complex to stand, he would seek the best but practical alternative. He understands that the only way to obtain money is to defraud his employer. However, $4000 is not a small amount to take away without the knowledge of the employer. Although he gets good amounts of daily collection that exceeds 4000 dollars, he is answerable to the accounting section for each expense. At the same time, Mr. X does not have access to any other source except the amounts he collects from customers. Once the source is determined, the person would analyze the possibilities of avoiding immediate impacts of the act on him as well as on the organization. The mode of operation is exceedingly important to him because he wants to lessen the subsequent effects of the action. He does not want to spoil his career and social status or to put his company in trouble. The sole objective is to deal with the present situation. Mr. X takes the list of debtors and identifies the customers who are most liable to the company. Company allows credit to a certain limit as the part of its fiscal policy toward potential customers. Balance collection is not an easy task; and moreover inappropriate approach might result in customer dissatisfaction. As the market is highly aggressive, allowing credit is essential for customer acquisition. Mr. X knows that if 4-5 customers remit their due amounts, it would easily meet his requirement. However, it is not reasonable to force them for an immediate

Strategic Planning for Tourism in Abu Dhabi Essay

Strategic Planning for Tourism in Abu Dhabi - Essay Example However, the primary aim of this paper is to identify role of Masdar in improving the travel and tourism industry Masdar City and to develop a set of plausible and actionable strategic recommendations to the company that will help it in this respect. Currently, the company has five units i.e. Masdar City, Masdar Power, Masdar Carbon, Masdar Capital and Masdar Institute (Masdar-b, n.d). This paper will attempt to deal with the company’s Masdar City as this unit is engaged in infrastructural development that lead to the growth of the travel and tourism industry. This unit strives to develop a â€Å"global clean-technology cluster† called Masdar City which is situated â€Å"17km from downtown Abu Dhabi† (Masdar-c, n.d.). Masdar City can be developed as a major tourists’ destination. The company is aiming to develop this city backed with renewable energy and it is well designed with 40,000 residents. The primary essence of the Masdar City is on innovative tech nologies through R&D. United Arab Emirates (UAE) is now focusing on its tours and travel industry. The UAE Government has aimed to develop its important cities as a popular tourist attraction. For example, in Dubai, the leisure and hotel industry has grown significantly. The travel and tourism industry of Masdar City has a direct competition with Dubai. Moreover, other Gulf countries like Saudi Arab, Kuwait, and Oman etc are also trying to develop their travel and tourism industry. On the other hand, Middle East courtiers like Egypt are major tourist destinations and they are the major competitor of Masdar City in travel and tourism industry (Deulgaonkar, 2011). Tourism and travel industry primarily belong to global market as it targets entire global population. Therefore, the competition in travel and tourism industry is very high. 1.2. Communications Analysis The Masdar is highly respectable company of UAE and it has developed a higher corporate image in the market. The company is a focus-point for the entire nation as it is one the most developed renewable energy company. It has been continuously working for the development of the entire country especially for Abu Dhabi. One of the major tools for the company is its communicational and promotional activities. Its corporate website is critical medium for developing communication with its target audience. In order to develop ‘two-way’ communicational system, it has partnered with several social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter etc. It is also using its website for its advertising strategies and for delivering market signals. The organization generally communicates with target audience to spreading awareness regarding renewable energy, its projects, recent developments etc. Its communicational developments can play a very significantly role in developing the Masdar City as major tourists’ attraction. 1.3. Issue Analysis The Masdar has been successfully maintaining its public relation with its target audience through media partnering and through its corporate website. However, in order to develop the tourism industry of Masdar City in the global market, its communication is not unique and effective. It must be taken into consideration, that for competing in the global market, its communication must reach to global market.